IT is the unfortunate lot of some patients dying of metastatic cancer of the breast, lung, cervix and so forth to be plagued by severe dyspnea due to recurrent malignant pleural effusions.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned on their side, and an S-shaped thoracotomy incision is made. The sixth rib is removed to provide access, and the space between the lung and chest cavity ...

Compared to a traditional open approach to lobectomy, which is performed through a thoracotomy incision, VATS lobectomy is associated with significantly less pain, shorter hospital stays, and ...