Four causes of the initiation of labral tears have been proposed; trauma, hypolaxity of the anterior capsule, dysplasia and bony impingement. A further cause could be reduced biomechanical properties ...

Background Surgery for hip femoroacetabular impingement/acetabular labral tear (FAI/ALT) is exponentially increasing despite lacking investigation of the accuracy of ...

and rotator cuff tear and deltoid atrophy that may occur when the axillary nerve is injured by shoulder dislocation. In some patients with secondary adhesive capsulitis, there is a decrease in ...

Shoulder arthroscopy portal placement in lateral position with shoulder abducted 45 ∞. A-anterior, P-posterior, AL-anterolateral. Adapted with permission from Ciullo JV: Shoulder Injuries in ...