In this review, we begin by evaluating the principal differences between insulin and glucagon with regard to their mechanism and control of their secretion. Next, we discuss their mode of action and effects on metabolism. We further explore how …

To elucidate the mechanisms controlling the response of glucagon to hypoglycemia, a vital component of the counterregulatory hormonal response, the role of intraislet insulin was studied in seven normal subjects and five subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (of less than 15-mo du …

2019年7月16日 · In normal physiology hypoglycemia is prevented by several mechanisms: 1) Reduced insulin secretion from beta cells diminishing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues; 2) increased glucagon secretion from alpha cells increasing hepatic glucose output; and 3) increased symphathetic neural response and adrenomedullary epinephrine secretion.

2023年3月6日 · Glucagon and insulin work together to maintain euglycemia and glucose transport to tissues. Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas and maintains blood glucose by allowing the intracellular transfer of glucose. Insulin also exerts its effect by affecting carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.

2018年1月5日 · The insulin-glucagon interaction is important in energy homeostasis in the entire body: (1) a high insulin:glucagon ratio promotes biosynthesis of proteins, inhibits glucose production, and reduces release of free fatty acids, whereas (2) a low insulin:glucagon ratio helps the body access stored nutrients, increases hepatic glucose production ...

Here, we review some of the molecular mechanisms through which insulin modulates hepatic gluconeogenesis, thus controlling glucose production by the liver to ultimately maintain normoglycemia.

2020年11月1日 · Insulin promotes the lowering of plasma glucose concentrations and its subsequent conversion to glycogen, while glucagon acts as the main opposing hormone to increase plasma glucose levels by promoting glucose …

2008年10月1日 · As a counterregulatory hormone for insulin, glucagon plays a critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Glucagon increases hepatic glucose output by enhancing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.

2023年2月15日 · Glucagon breaks down glycogen to glucose in the liver. Insulin enables blood glucose to enter cells, where they use it to produce energy. Together, insulin and glucagon help maintain...

2024年11月19日 · Functionally, mouse α-cells secrete glucagon to potentiate insulin secretion , while human α-cells also secrete acetylcholine to prime β-cells and potentiate GSIS . Glucagon released from α-cells, initially believed to solely mediate glycogen breakdown in the liver, has also been found to enhance insulin secretion via both GLP-1 receptor ...