当gef帮助将gdp换成gtp之后，ras是“活了”的状态；之后，gap可以将 gtp水解 变成gdp，使得ras回到死了的状态。 ras的活跃可以促进下游通路，进而导致细胞的增殖。 聪明的癌细胞为了扩大殖民地，往往利用活跃的ras通路来帮助自己达成目标。

Ras proteins function as binary molecular switches that control intracellular signaling networks. Ras-regulated signal pathways control such processes as actin cytoskeletal integrity, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell migration.

RAS proteins in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans regulate pathways that are strikingly similar to the canonical RAS-MAPK pathway in mammalian cells (Lusk et al., 2017). Indeed, genetic analysis of RAS signaling in these organisms played an important role in piecing together the RAS pathway in mammalian cells, including roles ...

Ras can activate a variety of pathways, which ultimately turn on genes involved in cell growth, differentiation and survival. Ras is essential for regulating the growth of the cell, however when mutations occur in the Ras gene it can be stuck in a constitutively active form, constantly activating pathways for cell growth and potentially leading ...

Ras蛋白 是 ras基因 表达产物，是由190个 氨基酸残基 组成的小的单体 GTP结合蛋白 ，具有 GTP ase活性，分布于 质膜 胞质 一侧，结合GTP时为活化状态，而结合 GDP 时为 失活 状态，其活性通过与GTP或GDP的结合进行调节（GDP释放需要GEF参与；GTPase活性弱，需要 GAP 参与 ...

2023年12月18日 · RAS/RAF/MAPK can be activate via two pathways: (1) a ligand-dependent pathway, in which ligands, such as growth factors, hormones, or cytokines, physically engage with receptors; and (2) a...

Ras信号通路是细胞内重要的信号传递机制之一，参与了许多生物学过程，如细胞生长、分化、凋亡和代谢等。 该信号通路由ras家族基因编码的小GTP酶和它们所控制的一系列下游分子组成。

2024年7月17日 · In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions of known RAS effector proteins, provide structural perspectives on RAS-effector interactions, evaluate their significance in RAS-mediated signaling, and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.

The Ras proteins are GTPases that function as molecular switches for signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, survival, growth, migration, differentiation or cytoskeletal dynamism. Ras proteins transduce signals from extracellular growth factors by cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states.

RAS proteins have essential roles in controlling the activity of several crucial signalling pathways that regulate normal cellular proliferation. However, human tumours very frequently express...