2024年11月20日 · The Evolution of the Byzantine Cataphract. The development of the cataphract came about from the harsh lessons learned by the Romans at the hands of Parthian cavalry and others. The debacle at Carrhae in 53 BCE showcased the fault of a solely infantry-based system, so the armoured cataphract was born to fill this need.

奧瑪亞王朝 （英語： Umayyad dynasty 、阿拉伯语： بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ ‎， 羅馬化：Banū Umayya， 直译： 奧瑪亞之子），又稱 奧米雅王朝 、 仵麥耶王朝 、 伍麥雅王朝 、 倭瑪亞王朝 、 艾爾奧瑪威茵 （英語： Umayyads 、阿拉伯语： الأمويون ‎， 羅馬化：al-Umawiyyūn），源自領導 古萊什 的 阿拉伯 氏族，先後曾統治 奧瑪亞哈里發國 （661 年至750年）及 安達盧斯地區 （756年至1031年）。 王朝名稱來自於家族的始祖， 奧瑪亞·本·阿布德·沙姆斯。 在 前伊斯蘭時期，奧瑪亞家族 …

2016年1月11日 · The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) was the first Islamic dynasty. Muʿawiya ibn Abi Sufyan established himself as caliph in Damascus after his victory over ʿAli ibn Abi Talib in the civil war that followed the murder of ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan in Medina.

The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (UK: / uːˈmaɪjæd /, [2] US: / uːˈmaɪæd /; [3] Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) [4] was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. [pron 1] Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, wa...

Ancient authors who wrote about the cataphract range from Greek authors from the 5th century BC until Roman authors from the 4th century AD, which means that there is a large variety in ancient literature on the subject. Cataphract armour changed over time, as well as their weaponry and the tactics that were employed.

The Umayyads reclaimed their right to the caliphate during the reign of ‘Abd al-Rahman III (r. 912–61), who became the first Spanish Umayyad amir to declare himself caliph (929). Under the Umayyad caliphate (929–1031), Córdoba became perhaps the greatest intellectual center of Europe, with celebrated libraries and schools.

Mu‘awiya (661 – 680) founded the Umayyad Caliphate; the tribal ‘asabiyah of his Umayyad Clan contributed to their ascendance. And once ensconced in power, the Umayyad Caliphate ended the election of caliphs by consensus and established instead a hereditary principle of succession.

2024年12月9日 · Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661–750 ce), sometimes referred to as the Arab kingdom (reflecting traditional Muslim disapproval of the secular nature of the Umayyad state). The Umayyads, headed by Abū Sufyān, were a largely merchant family of the Quraysh tribe centred at Mecca.

These powerful armored cavalry, led the charge across North Africa, Spain and even penetrated deep into Frankish territory. Arguably these fierce Arab horsemen who relied on lances and straight swords, influenced heavily the later heavy Frankish knights that would later fight for the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

2024年3月7日 · The Umayyad Caliphate was the second major Islamic government to be established after the death of our beloved Master the Holy Prophet Muhammad sa abbreviation for "Peace be upon him". The Empire was ruled by the Banu Umayya or the Umayyad Dynasty from 661 to 750 CE.